Floristic composition and structure of spontaneous plants of Urochloa pastures in northern Amapá
Abstract
In pastures, trees and shrubs, remaining from original forest or the rain of seeds, are part of spontaneous plants; in this background they are considered competitors that weaken a forage or may be responsible for a balanced dynamic, decreasing the density of competing plants. The aim of this study was to describe the structure and floristic composition of spontaneous pasture plants and to verify the influence of forage species and the presence of woody plants existing above the herbaceous stratum, besides investigating the presence or not of infestation along the BR-156 highway, in the municipality of Oiapoque, Amapá state, Brazil. Thirty-one pastures were sampled on smallholder family farms; these were categorized according to: (1) the forage species (Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu and U. humidicola); (2) and the presence of woody plants (clean or dirty pastures) above the herbaceous stratum. In each area, the floristic survey was performed in a 1 x 50 m (50 m2) transect, where all individuals with 0.10 ≤ height < 2.0 m were inventoried. A total of 90 species were recorded, predominantly herbaceous. The floristic composition of spontaneous plants is very similar to those found in other pastures of the Amazonia, however several pastures showed infestation by some species, such as Stigmaphyllon convolvulifolium, Stigmaphyllon sinuatum, Borreria verticillata, Hyptis atrorubens, Desmodium barbatum, or Stachytarpheta cayennensis. The structure and floristic composition of spontaneous plants is not influenced either by forage or by the presence of woody plants existing above the herbaceous stratum.
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